What type of agent is often used to increase the bulk of a tablet formulation?

In tablet formulation, a diluent is used to increase the bulk of the tablet, which is essential for achieving the desired weight, size, and volume of the tablet. Diluents are typically inert substances that do not affect the therapeutic action of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Their primary purpose is to contribute bulk to the formulation, ensure the proper flow and compressibility of the powder blend, and help achieve uniformity in the tablet's composition.

Using a diluent is critical, especially when the quantity of the active ingredient is relatively small compared to the overall tablet size. This not only helps in the effective manufacturing of the tablets but also aids in ensuring that each tablet contains the correct dosage of the active ingredient, maintaining the consistency and effectiveness of the medication. Common examples of diluents include lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, and starch. These substances provide mechanical properties that help with tablet formation and stability.